Biofuel cell stacks

Bioelectrocatalytic carbon nanotube based pellets comprising redox enzymes were directly integrated in a newly-conceived flow-through fuel cell. Porous electrodes and a separating cellulose membrane were housed in a glucose/oxygen biofuel cell design with inlets and outlets allowing the flow of electrolyte through the entire fuel cell. The biofuel cell design allows a convenient assembly of several glucose biofuel cells in reduced volumes and their connection in parallel or in series. The developed design is conceived to stack an unlimited amount of biofuel cells to reach the necessary voltage and power for portable electronic devices without the need for step-up converters or energy managing systems (more).